“Export controls” span multiple US government agencies implementing different laws and with varying goals, as listed below.
| Law | Agency | Regulations | Goals |
|---|---|---|---|
| Arms Export Control Act | State Department | International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR) | Avoid enabling military capability which could be used against us |
| Export Administration Act | Commerce Department | Export Administration Regulations (EAR) | National security, foreign policy, and economic objectives |
| Trading With the Enemy Act et al |
Treasury Department | Office of Foreign Assets Controls (OFAC) | National security, foreign policy |
| Energy Reorganization Act | Nuclear Regulatory Commission | 10 CFR 810 | Nuclear reactor and materials safety |
| Atomic Energy Act | Energy Department | 10 CFR 810 | Control assistance to foreign nuclear activities |
| Executive Order 12829 National Industrial Security Program |
Department of Defense | National Industrial Security Program Operating Manual | Safeguard classified information released to contractors, licensees, and grantees of the US Government. |